Élisée Reclus, South-Western Asia (The Universal Geography vol. IX, 1876)
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Famous French geographer, famous writer and famous anarchist of the 19th century, Jacques Élisée Reclus (1830–1905) wrote and published in French his 19-volume masterwork, La Nouvelle Géographie universelle, la terre et les hommes over a period of nearly 20 years (1875–1894). In 1892 he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Paris Geographical Society for this work, despite having been banished from France because of his political activism. Here is the IXth volume of the English edition of the Universal Geography, on South West Asia (from the Asian part of the Ottoman Empire: Asia Minor, Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Cyprus, Iraq to Persia, Afghanistan and Baluchistan).
The book is digitalized by the Cornell University Library, USA. >>>> Book on line https://archive.org/details/cu31924095158964/page/n7/mode/2up
CONTENTS. I. General Survey p. 1. II. Afghanistan p. 16. Afghan Highlands, p. 19. River Systems p. 26. Climate, Flora and Fauna, p. 31, Inhabitants, p. 33. Topography, p. 46. III. Baluchistan p. 63. Highlands, p. 60. River Systems, p. 63. Climate, Flora and Fauna, p. 65. Inhabitants, p. 66. Topography, p. 70. IV. Persia p. 75. Historic Retrospect, p. 75. Mountain Systems, p. 78. The Caspian Coastlands, p. 86. The Western Highlands, p. 91. The Central Deserts, p. 93. Hydrographic Systems, p. 95. Climate, Flora, Fauna, p. 101. Inhabitants, p. 104. Topography, p. 117. Social Condition, Administration, Prospects, p. 151. V. Asiatic Turkey p. 162. Lazistan, Armenia, and Kurdistan, p. 163. Armenian Highlands, p. 165. Kurdistan Highlands, p. 167. Lake Van, p. 168. Climate, Flora, and Fauna, p. 169. Inhabitants: Lazes, Armenians, Kurds, p. 171. The Kizil-Bashes, Yezidis, and Nestorians, p. 177. Topography of Armenia and Kurdistan, p. 180. VI. Lower Kurdistan, Mesopotamia, Irak-Arabi p. 192. Historic Retrospect, p. 193. North Mesopotamian Orographic System, p. 196. The Tigris Basin, p. 199. The Euphrates Basin, p. 201. The Shat-el-Arab and Euphrates Delta, p. 211. Climate, Fauna, and Flora of Mesopotamia, p. 213. Inhabitants — The Arabs and Kurds, p. 214. Topography of the Tigris Basin, p. 218. Topography of the Euphrates Basin, p. 230. VII. Asia Minor p. 241. General Survey, p. 242. Anatolian Mountain Systems, p. 245. The Anti-Taurus and Cilician Taurus, p. 247. Isaurian and Lycian Taurus, p. 250. West Anatolian Coastlands and Islands, p. 254. North Anatolian Ranges, p. 200. The Anatolian Water Systems: The Yeshil-Irmak, Kizil-Irmak, and Sakaria, p. 262. Rivers flowing to the Aegean, p. 266. Lacustrine Basins and Rivers flowing to the Mediterranean, p. 273. Climate, Flora, and Fauna, p. 278. Inhabitants: Yuruks and Turks, p. 283. The Anatolian Greeks, p. 290. Topography, p. 294. Prospects of Anatolia, p. 343.
VIII. Cyprus p. 344. Mountains and Rivers, p. 346. Climate, Flora, and Faun, p. 347. Inhabitants, p. 348. Topography, p. 349. IX. Syria, Palestine, Sinai p. 354. Historic Retrospect, p. 354. Mountain Ranges: Libanon [Lebanon] and Anti-Libanon [Antilebanon], p. 356. Hermon, Hills of Galilee, Mount Carmel, p. 359. Trans- Jordan Uplands, p. 362. Sinai Highlands, p. 363. Rivers of Syria and Palestine, p. 367. The Jordan and Dead Sea, p. 370. Climate, Flora, and Fauna, p. 374. Inhabitants of Syria and Palestine, p. 376. The Ansarieh, Druzes, and Maronites, p. 377. The Melkites and Jews, p. 380. Topography of Syria, p. 382. Topography of Palestine, p. 409. X. Arabia p. 430. Historic Retrospect, p. 430. General Survey, p. 433. Mountain Systems, p. 435. The Hejaz and Assir Uplands, p. 437. The Yemen Highlands, p. 438. Hadramaut and South Coast, p. 439. The Oman Highlands, p. 441. The Central Ranges and Harras, p. 443. The Northern Steppes and Deserts, p. 446. The Southern Desert, p. 449. Climate of Arabia, p. 450. The Persian Gulf, p. 454. The Red Sea, p. 456. Flora of Arabia, p. 462. Fauna, p. 464. Inhabitants: the Bedouins, 467. The Wahabites, p. 471. Topography, p. 472.
Statistical Tables p. 486. Index p. 497.